Load Avery 5388 perforated stock (3 cards per letter sheet, each 5″ wide × 3″ tall). In the print dialog choose Letter, 100% scale (not “fit to page”), and actual size. If perforations miss, try your printer’s “actual size” and a 0.5″ top alignment. Judge Key is the last sheet — keep it off the kids’ cutting pile.
Reference1
How to play
- Put these 3 cards on the table. Give the Judge the Key page. Mix the other 52.
- Give each person 8 cards (3 or 4 people). Put 4 extras face-up. Call them Rumors.
- Make a line in front of you, left = earliest, right = latest, face-up. Two Ask coins each.
- On your turn: fix your line, then swap a rumor, ask, or shout LONG BEFORE.
- Youngest starts. The Judge never reads a year out loud.
Reference2
Ask and swap
- Swap: trade one card from your line with one Rumor. Put a new Rumor out from the pile right away.
- Ask: spend a coin. Name two cards on the table. At least one is not in your line.
- The Judge points to which happened first. Everyone hears. Two asks each round.
- You may talk. You may fib. The Judge does not.
- If the pile is empty, skip a new Rumor. If you cannot swap and have no coins, you must shout.
Reference3
Shout and sit
- Shout LONG BEFORE. Stop. The Judge checks your line left to right on the Key.
- All true: you win. If not, count how many cards are true from the left, then stop at the first mistake.
- You sit. That true start stays known. You may look up later asks so the Judge can keep hosting.
- Keep going until someone is all true, or everyone has shouted. Longest true start wins.
- If two people match, the earlier shout wins. If a whole round is only swaps after the pile is empty, lock lines and count.
Hand□
Clay Baked into Pots
People bake clay into pots. Grain can sit in a jar instead of spoiling.
Food gets a room.
04
Mouth◇
A Stone Mountain for a King
In Cambodia, a temple as big as a city is built. Later it changes gods and keeps the stones.
A mountain made by people.
05
Mouth◇
Women Vote First
New Zealand lets women vote in national elections — the first country that does.
The voter list grows.
06
Mouth◇
Pillars Before Farms
Giant stone T-pillars stand on a hill. People gather there before they plant crops.
Temple older than harvest.
07
Mouth◇
Two Churches, One Split
The church in Rome and the church in Constantinople split. Latin and Greek stop pretending they are one.
A door closes both ways.
08
Hand□
Empty Boxes on a Chart
A table of the elements leaves empty boxes for ones nobody has found yet. Later the boxes fill.
Empty boxes wait to be filled.
09
Hand□
Wolves Become Dogs
Wolves stay with people and become dogs. Someone sleeps at the edge of the fire.
A wolf that stayed.
10
Hand□
Many Ports, One Wind
On Africa's east coast, city ports trade with sailing ships that ride the seasonal wind. No one king owns them all.
The ocean is a road.
11
Crown△
Japan Copies the Factory
Japan sees foreign warships and decides to copy factories and a modern navy on purpose.
Catch-up as a plan.
12
Crown△
People Reach Australia
People reach Australia across open water. There is no land bridge left to walk.
A continent waits.
13
Crown△
Tax on Every Ship
A sea kingdom taxes every ship that sails through a narrow water gap. Traders share the water.
Who holds the narrow water holds the ships.
14
Mouth◇
A Book of Kinship
Darwin's book: living things are related and change slowly over a very long time.
Living things are related.
15
Crown△
People Leave Africa
A small group of people leaves Africa. Later their children live all over the world.
One exit. Many roads.
16
Mouth◇
Leave Mecca for Medina
Muhammad and his followers leave Mecca for Medina. Muslims will count years from that journey.
A calendar starts walking.
17
Crown△
Haiti Founds a Country
Enslaved people in Haiti defeat the French and found their own country. The map has to say so.
Freedom as a border.
18
Hand□
Fire All Night
People keep a fire burning all night. They cook food and sit by a camp.
Night has a fire now.
19
Crown△
The Chariot Stadium Almost Wins
In Constantinople, chariot-race fans riot and almost topple the emperor. The city burns for days.
Sports spill into the streets.
20
Hand□
The First Vaccine
Jenner scratches cowpox into a child's arm. Smallpox does not take. The first vaccine.
A milder illness that protects you.
21
Rock○
Flowers Feed Insects
Flowers appear. They feed insects. Insects carry pollen from flower to flower.
Bugs and flowers help each other.
22
Mouth◇
A Book of Arguments
Jewish teachers write long arguments into a book you can hold. A school that fits in two hands.
The argument is written down.
23
Mouth◇
Apple and Planet, One Law
Newton: the same pull that drops an apple also holds a planet in its path.
One rule for sky and ground.
24
Rock○
The Supercontinent Splits
One giant landmass cracks apart. The pieces will become today's continents.
The map starts to move.
25
Hand□
Paper, Lighter Than Bamboo
In China, people invent paper. Letters no longer need heavy bamboo strips or clay.
Words get lighter.
26
Crown△
Each Ruler Picks a Church
A long war in Europe ends. Treaties say each ruler chooses the church for their own land.
Peace written on paper.
27
Rock○
Almost None Remain
Almost every kind of animal in the sea dies. Most animals on land die too.
A nearly empty world.
28
Crown△
One Script, One Measure
China becomes one country. Writing, weights, and wagon widths match. A clay army is buried with the first emperor.
Same writing. Same wheels.
29
Hand□
A Telescope at the Sky
Galileo points a telescope at the sky. He sees moons around Jupiter. The old sky-story cracks.
Two lenses, a new argument.
30
Rock○
The First Trees
The first real trees stand up. Shade appears. Dirt gets thicker under leaves.
Green learns height.
31
Crown△
One Rule in India
One empire in India runs from the mountains to the ocean. Laws on rocks. Lions on a stone capital.
A land tries on unity.
32
Mouth◇
Earth Goes Around the Sun
Copernicus writes that Earth goes around the sun, not the other way. We are not the center.
The sky is not a ceiling.
33
Rock○
Armor in the Sea
Sea animals grow shells, eyes, and mouths almost at once. The ocean floor fills up.
Life gets edges.
34
Hand□
Cheaper Metal
People learn to smelt iron. It is cheaper than bronze. New ploughs. New wars.
A common ore, new tools.
35
Hand□
Treasure Ships, Then Silence
Zheng He's huge Chinese fleets sail the Indian Ocean. Then China stops the voyages. Later maps forget them.
Giant ships, then quiet shipyards.
36
Rock○
Air That Rusts Rock
The air fills with a gas that rusts rock. Old tiny life dies. New life can breathe.
Rust on the stone.
37
Mouth◇
Only the Sun-Disk Is God
In Egypt, a king says only the sun-disk is god. Workers scrape the old gods' names off walls.
It does not last.
38
Rock○
Plague, Then Higher Pay
Plague kills about a third of Europe. Then workers can ask for more pay because so many are gone.
Fewer workers. Higher pay.
39
Rock○
A Number for How Warm
Countries sign a climate deal. They pick a number for how much the world may warm. The weather does not sign.
A promise with a thermometer.
40
Rock○
The Sky Goes Dark
A volcano blows apart an island in the Mediterranean. Ash. Nearby palaces remember the dark sky.
The sea does not stay put.
41
Mouth◇
Manuscripts in the Desert
Timbuktu: libraries and schools in the Sahara. Scholars, paper, a market for books.
The desert keeps a school.
42
Mouth◇
Pages That Link
The World Wide Web: pages that link to pages. Anyone can read. Then anyone can publish.
A link becomes a door.
43
Crown△
Law on a Stone
King Hammurabi of Babylon carves laws on a tall stone: an eye for an eye.
Rules you can point at.
44
Crown△
Eagle, Cactus, Lake
People found a city on a lake: an eagle on a cactus. Roads over the water. Later it is called Tenochtitlan.
An island becomes a capital.
45
Rock○
The Poison Cloud
A nuclear power plant explodes. A poison cloud. Nearby towns stay empty for years.
A plant that was not supposed to fail.
46
Crown△
Straight Streets and Drains
In the Indus Valley, cities have straight streets and drains. No giant king-statues in the ruins.
A city plan, not a giant statue.
47
Crown△
Gold Cheap as Dust
Mansa Musa of Mali walks toward Mecca with so much gold that prices crash along the road.
So much gold that prices crash.
48
Hand□
A Beeping Ball in Orbit
The Soviet Union puts a beeping metal ball into orbit. Schools scramble. Space is no longer empty.
A satellite as a headline.
49
Mouth◇
Writing on Wet Clay
In Sumer, people press marks into wet clay. Writing starts as lists of who owes what.
Lists you can keep.
50
Crown△
Limits on a King
English barons force King John to sign limits on a page. Copies travel. The page outlasts the mood.
Writing that limits a king.
51
Crown△
New Countries Meet
Leaders of new countries in Asia and Africa meet. They refuse to let the old empires run the meeting.
The map speaks for itself.
52
Hand□
Someone Invents the Wheel
Someone invents the wheel. Then come wagons. Heavy loads get easier to move.
A circle goes to work.
53
Crown△
Granite, No Mortar
In southern Africa, Great Zimbabwe: stone walls fitted with no glue. Cattle and gold.
A city that needs no glue.
54
Hand□
Mold That Stops a Wound
Fleming finds mold on a dirty dish that kills germs. Later it becomes penicillin.
An accident that saves lives.
55
LONG BEFORENO YEARS
LONG BEFORENO YEARS
LONG BEFORENO YEARS
LONG BEFORETABLE CARD
LONG BEFORETABLE CARD
LONG BEFORETABLE CARD
Judge Key 1HIDE
True order 1–18
- Air That Rusts Rock — Great Oxidation Event · ~2.4 bya
- Armor in the Sea — Cambrian Explosion · 541 mya
- The First Trees — First forests · 385 mya
- Almost None Remain — Great Dying · 252 mya
- The Supercontinent Splits — Pangaea breaks up · ~200 mya
- Flowers Feed Insects — Flowering plants · 130 mya
- Fire All Night — Fire controlled · ~1.9 mya
- People Leave Africa — Out of Africa · ~70–50k BCE
- People Reach Australia — Humans reach Australia · ~50,000 BCE
- Wolves Become Dogs — Dogs domesticated · ~12,000 BCE
- Pillars Before Farms — Göbekli Tepe · ~11,000 BCE
- Clay Baked into Pots — Pottery invented · c. 9000 BCE
- Someone Invents the Wheel — Wheel invented · c. 4500 BCE
- Writing on Wet Clay — Writing in Sumer · c. 3400 BCE
- Straight Streets and Drains — Indus Valley cities · c. 2600 BCE
- Law on a Stone — Hammurabi's Code · c. 1800 BCE
- The Sky Goes Dark — Volcanic eruption destroys Thera · c. 1450 BCE
- Only the Sun-Disk Is God — Akhenaten's monotheism · c. 1350 BCE
Judge Key 2HIDE
True order 19–35
- Cheaper Metal — Iron Age spreads · c. 1000 BCE
- One Rule in India — Maurya Empire · 305 BCE
- One Script, One Measure — Qin unifies China · 221 BCE
- Paper, Lighter Than Bamboo — Paper in China · 105 CE
- A Book of Arguments — Talmud compiled · c. 500 CE
- The Chariot Stadium Almost Wins — Nika Riots · 532 CE
- Leave Mecca for Medina — Hijra · 622 CE
- Tax on Every Ship — Srivijaya maritime empire · ~800 CE
- Many Ports, One Wind — Swahili city-states emerge · ~900 CE
- Two Churches, One Split — Great Schism · 1054 CE
- A Stone Mountain for a King — Angkor Wat built · 1113 CE
- Granite, No Mortar — Great Zimbabwe flourishes · ~1200 CE
- Limits on a King — Magna Carta · 1215 CE
- Gold Cheap as Dust — Mansa Musa's pilgrimage · 1324 CE
- Eagle, Cactus, Lake — Tenochtitlan founded · 1325 CE
- Manuscripts in the Desert — Timbuktu flourishes as a learning center · ~1330 CE
- Plague, Then Higher Pay — Black Death reaches Europe · 1347 CE
Judge Key 3HIDE
True order 36–52
- Treasure Ships, Then Silence — Zheng He voyages · 1405–1433 CE
- Earth Goes Around the Sun — Copernicus · 1543 CE
- A Telescope at the Sky — Galileo turns telescope on the sky · 1609 CE
- Each Ruler Picks a Church — Peace of Westphalia · 1648 CE
- Apple and Planet, One Law — Newton's Principia · 1687 CE
- The First Vaccine — Smallpox vaccine · 1796 CE
- Haiti Founds a Country — Haitian Independence · 1804 CE
- A Book of Kinship — Origin of Species · 1859 CE
- Japan Copies the Factory — Meiji Restoration · 1867 CE
- Empty Boxes on a Chart — Periodic table · 1869 CE
- Women Vote First — New Zealand suffrage · 1893 CE
- Mold That Stops a Wound — Penicillin discovered · 1928 CE
- New Countries Meet — Bandung Conference · 1955 CE
- A Beeping Ball in Orbit — Sputnik · 1957 CE
- The Poison Cloud — Chernobyl · 1986 CE
- Pages That Link — World Wide Web · 1991 CE
- A Number for How Warm — Paris Climate Agreement · 2015 CE